Gay Marriage Rights

After the authorizations in Massachusetts and, most as of late, California, gay marriage has been a developing pattern in the United States. In the 8 months since the authorization, an ever increasing number of gay couples have been racing to California to get married. Be that as it may, California and Massachusetts are not the first to put forth an attempt to fortify the obligations of gay couples some European nations including Denmark, Holland, some Scandinavian nations, and others have authorized same-sex marriage and have discovered the outcomes positive. Gay marriage has been an opposing issue since gay people started mentioning marriage licenses.However, gays are denied their privileges to marriage licenses, which is denying then their privileges as American residents. Gays ought to be dealt with similarly to heteros and allowed their privileges to wed the individual they love, regardless of whether they are the equivalent or inverse sexual orientation. In spite of the fact th at the possibility of an equivalent sex wedding hasn’t been legitimate long enough for insights to be created on offspring of same-sex marriages’ formative childhood, or that they are hurt by their condition, numerous individuals assume that they will be less solid or typical if the couple that raises them are homosexual.People accept that the kids will grow up to be gay, or not quite the same as any regularly brought up kid, on the off chance that they don’t experience childhood in a â€Å"normal† family. The consequences of studies testing these thoughts are very in opposition to the prevalent view of hetero couples. Indeed, the investigations demonstrate that kids raised by gay couples appear to be more balanced than the â€Å"normally† raised ones. The contention that kids brought up in gay family units will grow up to be gay is totally illegitimate.In an investigation of more than 300 offspring of gay guardians, there have been no signs that t here are any aggravations in the advancement of the child’s sexual character, or the way of life that the youngster will live further down the road. Truly, most youngsters raised by heteros are not brought up in ordinary family units. With separate likewise turning out to be mainstream we have families with three children and just one parent. There is no uncertainty that gay people need to have youngsters, and not exclusively is the boycott of gay marriage denying their privileges to be hitched, yet in addition denying them their privileges to have a two-parent family with children.Some additionally state that marriage is between a man and a lady for reproduction purposes, and that gays can't normally deliver kids. In the event that this were the situation, at that point wouldn’t the state deny marriage between heteros when one, or both, are sterile? In the event that the reason for marriage is, truth be told, for multiplication then who’s to state that post-men opausal ladies ought to reserve the option to wed? Kids in child care and shelters are likewise an issue, so why not solve two problems at once and give gays their privileges and vagrants or undesirable youngsters a home and a family that cherishes them?Another contention against gay marriage is that it is against religion. Whose religion? A few religions, for example, Buddhism, really commend gay marriage. The way that gay relationships are illicit conflicts with the gays’ rights, yet their privileges moreover. Furthermore, the way that individuals are bringing the book of scriptures into their contentions additionally implies that different religions strict rights are being encroached. The good book has no remaining in American law, this was clarified by the principal alteration of the United States constitution, and nobody has any privilege or position to set standards dependent on something they take as an ethical order expressed by the bible.The Christian and catholic re ligions can't represent all religions, and the United Stated government is permitting them to do only that. The fundamental motivation behind our administration is to protect the privileges of the residents, and at this, our legislature has fizzled. Gay people are not by any means the only individuals being denied their privileges, yet additionally the individuals from specific religions that help same-sex relationships. Alongside this, individuals additionally state that gay marriage would constrain places of worship that have an issue with perform gay union with perform same-sex weddings.There is no law expressing that any congregation would be required to wed any couple, hetero or something else, that they don't wish to. Gay marriage would not change the chapels option to decline to purify any marriage that they don't wish to. It would just offer temples the chance to lawfully marry gay couples in the event that they might want to. None of the contentions above are substantial. S o now, let us analyze the genuine reasons that individuals contradict the marriage of gay couples.Most individuals simply are not happy with the thought. Throughout recent years, society has advanced that two men or two ladies being hitched isn't right. This is generally a direct result of the contentions referenced beforehand. Be that as it may, none of those complaints bode well! So neither does the possibility that gay marriage isn't right. Being awkward with a proposition is definitely not a substantial motivation to restrict it. It is narrow minded to encroach other human beings’ rights for your

The Effects of Dual Credit and Dual Enrollment on High School Students Essay

The Effects of Dual Credit and Dual Enrollment on High School Students - Essay Example To determine this issue of seniors â€Å"blowing off the senior year† because of an absence of any significant test, in 1973 the Project Advance program of Syracuse University was made (Andrews, 2004). Following this advancement the model was embraced by different establishments and thusly there was a rise of a large number of double credit programs. In 1974, LaGuardia Community College, New York set up the Middle College High School program focusing on distanced and in danger understudies in regular secondary schools who possibly may not prevail with regards to getting their recognitions (Lewis and Overman, 2008). Comparative projects were received by Florida International University in 1982 (Partners in Progress) and Kingsborough Community College in 1984 (College Now). Persuaded by the accomplishment of the Minnesota double credit program, Washington State passed the ‘Running Start’ program in 1990 which permitted youngsters and seniors with fundamental capabil ities to take school level courses at specialized and junior colleges without paying school educational cost. In 1994 this was extended to join multi year colleges if there were no junior colleges in the secondary school area (Kim and Bragg, 2008; Board, 2011) In 2004, the assembly established House Bill 3103 which built up government rules customized to give help to secondary schools by means of expanding the size of double credit programs, extending the broadness of the educational plan of these projects, and coaching/tutoring understudies to help in a consistent change into postsecondary instructive organizations (Washington State Higher Education Coordinating Board, 2005). Definitional Issues Opinion is partitioned among specialists with respect to the best possible phrasing that ought to be agreed to the open door gave to secondary school understudies to go to school classes which create credits at both secondary school and school levels. The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board characterizes a double acknowledge course as one that incorporates scholarly just as specialized courses. For the current reason, double enlistment hereon is characterized following Klein (2007, p.23) as â€Å"courses that permit secondary school underst udies to get both secondary school and school credit simultaneously†. These modules are ordinarily educated by teachers or subordinate educators having a place with the organization, and similar classes are gone to by school and secondary school understudies. Simultaneous enlistment for early-school secondary schools is likewise situated on the school grounds however just secondary school understudies go to class. The Early College High School, established by the Bill and Melinda Gates establishment in 2002 serves customarily underrepresented understudies by empowering them to get to the concurrent quest for school credits and a secondary school (American Institute for Research, 2009). Since they are simpler to execute just as more affordable, simultaneous and double enlistments have increased more prominent prominence (Karp and Bailey, April 2005). Kim and Bragg (2008) also recognize explained acknowledge courses, for example, vocation and specialized training, International Baccalaureate and Advanced Placement which just permit secondary school understudies to apply for the school credits. The current writing audit will limit its concentration to simultaneous and double credit courses. Remarkably, these courses have the twin overlay advantage of helping a secondary school understudy either to a scholastic profession or into the workforce (Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, 2011). The paper will principally address the accompanying inquiries: 1. What are the chief advantages and significant worries for understudies who take an interest in double enlistment/double credit programs? 2. What are the focal points and detriments for banding together establishments? 3. What

Patrick Henry Speech

Patrick Henry, a dedicated loyalist and insightful man satisfied a situation in the Virginia show. After the Intolerable Acts forced by King George on the settlements, Americans endured an out of line rule, where Great Britain took control. In 1775 Patrick Henry acquainted a goals with the Virginia Convention to shape the neighborhood volunteer army to be set up to battle the British. So as to pick up endorsements from his collies, Henry utilizes explanatory interests witch assist him with encouraging his motivation and start to lead the pack with the utilization of an earnest tone witch instigates his crowd to help his announcement towards war. Patrick Henry starts his discourse by expressing a moral intrigue with the announcement â€Å"Mr. President No man thinks more profoundly than I do of the energy, just as capacities of the commendable gentlemen†¦. However, various men frequently observe a similar subject in various lights. †At this crossroads, Patrick Henry shields his situation as a nationalist; he utilizes the word â€Å"light† to present the possibility that light speaks to truth and otherworldly brightening. By doing this, he is adjusting his perspective on the need to battle with God’s reason. Likewise one can presume that Henry is certain of what he is introducing on this day, he exploits his capacities and realizes that battling war is the way that prompts freedom. Proceeding with his discourse Henry utilizes another moral intrigue, he pronounces â€Å"It is just along these lines that we can would like to show up at truth, and satisfy the incredible obligation which we hold to God and our country† by the utilization of this words Henry makes an intrigue of power, to the authority of God and claim that demonstrates his position that shows him as a Christian. By this he endeavors to transmit that what he says is that battling for opportunity is God’s truth and that it is an obligation to both God and nation. In the wake of setting up and moral intrigue, he utilizes legendary implication, which he abstract analyzes how the British are directing sentiments toward the homesteaders which are promising bogus expectations, â€Å"listen to the tune of that alarm till she changes us into beasts† (Henry), and by this utilization of words simultaneously Henry makes a passionate intrigue since he transmit dread, implying that the states will be under British principle until the end of time. Henry Changes subject and makes an enthusiastic summary, he grants by saying â€Å"Are we arranged to be of the quantity of the individuals who having eyes see not, and having ears hear not, the things which so almost concern their fleeting salvation. †(Henry). By utilizing the words â€Å"nearly† and â€Å"concern† Henry endeavors to make in the pilgrims a feeling of dread, since he realizes that colonists’ objective is arriving at paradise. Furthermore Henry utilizes a Biblical inference to help this announcement; this originates from Ezekiel 12:2 which says that â€Å"those who can’t see and can’t hear reality with regards to God will lose their otherworldly salvation† (Bible and God). Besides Henry develops a Biblical suggestion â€Å"I have however one light by which by feet are guided, and that is the light of experience† (Henry). Emblematically he utilizes the selection of words like â€Å"experience a lamp†, he says is that that â€Å"experience† or â€Å"light† will show the route for the future, much the same as the sacred text which says that God’s word is a â€Å"lamp unto thy feet and a light unto thy path† (Bible). Yet in addition this is a moral intrigue since it shows him as a profound individual and a genuine adherent. Henry keeps utilizing numerous moral interests all through his discourse. Articulating his assertion decision, Henry expresses â€Å"Is it that treacherous grin with which out request has been recently gotten? †(Henry). He says that the colonists’ request have been met with â€Å"an deceptive grin. † The utilization of the words â€Å"insidious smile† makes a moral intrigue since it suggests that the British are tricking the pilgrims into accepting that they will follow up on these petitions in a positive way, yet it is extremely just a snare to hold them under their standard. Henry presents non-serious inquiries to incited his crowd and make dreadful idea for them to begin acting. He is compelling the homesteaders to consider their contentions and through the decisive sentences, he rejects their contentions right away. Henry gives proof in his inductive contention as he refers to the activities which the pilgrims have taken to get the British to react to a portion of their requests which additionally makes an intelligent intrigue. Henry presents his proof in a progression of equal free conditions. With the equal structures he shows that all activities are similarly significant. Henry delays verbalizing his discourse with the contradicting contention that the homesteaders are feeble with the utilization of a moral intrigue. He articulates, â€Å"But when will we be more grounded? †(Henry). Once more he makes a passionate intrigue through his portrayal of the result of holding up until they are more grounded, for example, inquiring as to whether they will be more grounded. Carrying on Henry announces â€Å"when a British gatekeeper will be positioned in each house. † He makes a startling picture in allegorically contrasting their sitting tight and seeking after somebody. He continue proceeding with non-serious inquiries like â€Å"Lying flatly on their backs and embracing the deceptive ghost of expectation until their foes have bound their hand and foot? †(Henry). As of now once more, he figuratively alludes to trust as not being genuine apparition however a picture of subjection is stretched out here as he alludes to the pioneers being â€Å"bound hand and foot† which is an analogy for their absence of opportunity under British principle. Henry by and by comes to his meaningful conclusion of moral intrigue and furthermore passionate contrasting British principle and demise by saying, â€Å"but concerning me, give me freedom, or give me passing! †(Henry). Henry utilizes an equal structure in an exclamatory sentence to show that freedom is similarly as important and attractive as death which is ruinous and bothersome yet in addition despite everything keeps his picture as a steadfast loyalist. By resembling them in a fair sentence, he says that the result will be either and there can be no trade off. He finishes his theme here of looking at subjugation, absence of opportunity in view of British standard with death. Patrick Henry works down his discourse of impact by effectively and compellingly explained his help for war with incredible Britain through efficient contentions and full of feeling utilization of comparison, embodiment, sensible thinking, explanatory addressing and increasingly significant enthusiastic intrigue. He reasons that the provinces need opportunity, and solicitation back their freedom from Britain.

Downgrade Warning Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Downsize Warning - Term Paper Example As indicated by the report ‘J.P. Morgan Tells Analysts To Warn of a Downgrade’ experts autonomy is adversely influenced when it needs to unmistakably convey to the organization and the customer financier the explanation for explicit stock proposals. Experts are cautioned from directing negative research and a few firms punish financial specialists for suggesting deal alternatives. †¢ What precisely does Peter Houghtons update say? Does the reminder state that experts should bargain their autonomy? How does the notice bring up issues about experts freedom? Does it have any effect whether experts arent forced to change proposals, however just to roll out accurate improvements? Ans) The update of Peter Houghton doesn't straightforwardly highlight analysts’ autonomy. The update expresses that investigators ought to counsel the organization and the customer broker before making suggestions to a financial specialist. Additionally the expert ought to either acknowledge the solicitation of the examination note suggested by the firm or ought to unmistakably convey to the firm with regards to why it can't follow those proposals. Truly, there is distinction between requesting that examiner change suggestions and rolling out genuine improvements. †¢ What are the purchase side and sell side? For what reason may the sell side be reluctant to make sell proposals on stocks? In the event that the purchase side has its own experts, would the purchase side ever see sell side investigators reports? Ans) The ‘buy side’ and the ‘sell side’ are the two kinds of experts. ‘Sell’ proposal is considered as a piece of negative research which influences the firm adversely so the sell suggestion on stocks is seen in a negative way. â€Å"Sell-side investigators ordinarily work for full-administration agent sellers and make suggestions on the protections they spread. Purchase side experts normally work for institutional cash managers†that buy protections for their own accounts† (Analyzing Analyst Recommendations para. 6). †¢ Why may sell

Work Formed Final Discussion Thomas Hardy The Ruined Maid - 550 Words

The Work Formed Final Discussion: Thomas Hardy - The Ruined Maid (Term Paper Sample) Content: Thomas Hardy: The Ruined MaidNameInstitutionProfessorIntroductionAll poets have the drive of ensuring that their poems stand out in terms of content, flow, theme and even sound patterns applied in the respective poems. The choice of words and arrangement of the stanzas in most cases will determine the type of poem that a poet aims (Mandala 24). The structure of the poem determines what form the poem will take such that the structural form of a dramatic poem will be different from the lyrical type. When determining the kind of the poem to put on paper the pattern that needs to be achieved must be put into consideration.The discussion will aim at finding out how dialogue as a style helps poets to achieve drama in poems and that will form the thesis statement of the paper. The claim will be backed with an in depth analysis of other poems that have applied the same style in achieving drama in a poem. However, James Hardys The Ruined Mistress will be the central poem of re ference vis a vis others. The question how does Hardy achieve drama in his poem by using the style of dialogue? According to Mandala (4), dialogue is one of the forms of literary techniques that writers/poets use two or more characters to be involved in conversation with one another or among groups.Literature commentators argue that to achieve drama in poetry dialogue is one of the crucial and mandatory literary devices that must be employed. In the poem The Ruined Mistress James Hardy has involved two characters Amelia and the unnamed interlocutor. The two engage in some sort of reunion and utter the experiences they have undergone through from the time they parted ways. How exactly does dialogue bring about drama? Ramazani (78) states that dialogue plays the role of advancing the story and the theme.Dialogue when applied makes the story to flow in a straight forward manner as compared to a narrators explanation. For instance, in Hardys poem the two characters engage in a conversa tion that puts us into the scene and pushes the plot to the next episode. We may want to know why Amelia broke free from her initial residence and if she will bring the unknown woman to join her in the new world (Hardy 5). All these can form a whole new scene and plot.Further, dialogue helps in the development of the characters such that we can learn their character traits. For instance, we can learn that the unknown woman is a nave person and uneducated individual while Amelia is one ambitious and aggressive person. Hence, the traits aid in brewing drama. Dialogue makes a reader to achieve the realism of the plot. That is, by realism we can vividly see how actions are unraveling in each and every scene. For example when the unknown woman says that she admires the fine garments and bracelets worn by Amelia we can see it mentally (Mandala 34). In our minds, we can view one beautiful, fine looking and well dressed woman while on the other side a lady with tattered and weather beaten c lothes can also be seen. The two events can bring the concept of contrast of the haves and have-nots as must have been aimed by Hardy.In as much as dialogue stands as...

Scale for measuring consumer financial guilt - Free Essay Example

Guilt is an emotion which a person experiences when he believes to have violated a certain code of conduct. This often leads to regret in the later stages when the person owns up or takes responsibility for the same. This feeling of guilt according to psychologists is difficult to get rid of. It might in some cases lead to extreme measures. This could arise in two ways- one when a person doesnt act in a desired way and another where a person acts in an undesired way. It is driven by ones inner conscience. Other feelings that are associated with guilt are remorse, curiosity, shame, fear. According to Sigmund Freud, ego and super ego parental imprints interact to give rise to guilt. The lack of guilt leads to blame others, often used as a symptom to alienate psychopaths. Lack of it is treated as an abnormal state, which goes on to establish the relevance of guilt. When a person is unable to relate emotionally to others, he falls out of the moral framework according to psychologists. The emotions are a vital part of cognitive processes. Tapping emotions can give an insight into how decisions are made thus we can create patterns out of decisions and group individuals accordingly. Consumer guilt is a variety of guilt and can be defined thus negative feeling resultin g from a consumer buying decision that is transgressing against ones ideals. The transgression can be purchasing a product, service, idea, or experience (i.e., a brand that does not abide by quality standards), or not purchasing a product Consumer guilt is a specialized field widely studied today. In recessionary times it becomes more important to understand consumer decision making process. Understanding consumer psyche would help companies design communications and target the required TG in a desired manner. Psychologists have recorded beneficial reactions as after effects to guilt. For example, when a customer gets more attention from the salesman, he tends to create a liking and loyalty to the shop as not tending to repurchase from the shop would invoke guilt. This is the concept behind Customer Relationship Management offering lower prices; buying back unsatisfactory products are a few examples. Guilt in Marketing Marketing has concentrated on decision making process by consumers governed by consumer rationale. Coca Colas Open Happiness campaign is an excellent example. Companies target audience based on intangibles which studies have shown to have greater impact than utilities and features of the product put together. Emotions like love, fear, worry have been exploited by marketers. One of the emotions that has not been explored completely is GUILT. This emotion is a fad today Be it the clinic plus, shampoo campaign where the kid taunts the mother for not being a housewife and being unable to maintain her hair properly. Studies reveal that Barbie dolls are sold in huge numbers when bundled along with expensive formal shirts. Fathers overcome the guilt of spending huge sum on oneself by buying their daughters Barbie dolls. A study by Dana-Nicoleta Lascu, University of South Carolina categorises guilt into four types Health guilt a form of guilt arising from the fact that a consum er is unable to take care of his health. This is aroused when one is prone to unhealthy eating practices or is not able to devote time to prune his health. Healthy drinks and healthy sugar substitutes seem to use this in abundance in their communication campaigns Social Responsibility guilt Social ad campaigns like the ones against drunken driving, anti- smoking campaign take this aspect into design. However, this type of guilt is more to evoke guilt and help you perform your duties towards the society in general and under privileged in particular. Moral guilt Though this is a variant of Social responsibility guilt, it is different in a way that the focus of guilt is a smaller circle. It is usually ones close family. The ads brought out by the insurance companies evoke consumer guilt that he is morally responsible for his kids education and wifes survival. Financial Guilt Financial guilt is characterized by feelings of guilt that result from making purchases that are not easily justified. Unneeded or extravagant expenditures are examples of purchases which could stimulate financial guilt. Impulse shopping or a lack of bargain shopping may also generate financial guilt feelings.   The focus of this study is to quantify the guilt perception of a consumer. So, we aimed at creating a scale to measure financial guilt. If a consumer feels remorse/regret after a purchase it is essential to reinforce the value and quality of the product to ensure repurchase. Thus, measuring guilt would help us generalize what triggers guilt and when guilt will be experienced. This information can be used to design suitable marketing communication campaigns and increase customer lifetime value. Literature Survey Mukhopadhyay, A. (2004). Columbia U. Unintended purchase opportunities: Conflict, choice, and consequence. Dissertation Abstracts International Sec A: Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol 65(6-A). Consumers spend substantially on products they had not planned to buy. Marketers exploit this fact trying to increase purchase incidence. This dissertation studies how decisions to either buy or not buy an unintended item affects responses to later tempting offers. An unintended purchase simultaneously depends on both the goal served by acquiring the product, and the goal of not spending money unnecessarily. These goals may be in conflict, which then leads to a choice about the purchase. This choice has consequences, cognitive and affective. Complex affective outcomes like happiness, pride, guilt, remorse, and anger result from these choices. These emotions influence responses to subsequent offers such that affect-consistent advertising appeals bring more favorable results. Lin, Y.T. , Jen, F., Catholic U., Xia, K.N., Yuan Ze U.(2009). The Relationship between consumer guilt and product categories. Working paper, Conference of Association of Consumer Research. This study focuses on the construct of consumer guilt. It tries to understand what kind of product the consumer buys in order to satisfy their self-concept. Then the relationship between self-concept and consumer guilt are tested. The findings are that consumers are more likely to feel guilty when they spend on indulgences than when they spend on necessities. If the ideal-self is different from actual-self, consumers feel guilty when they buy something to satisfy their ideal-self. Bennett, R. (1998). Shame, Guilt and Responses to Non-Profit and Public Sector Ads. International Journal of Advertising (UK), VOL 17 No 4 This article is about the difference between guilt and shame in psychological terms, being relevant for advertising research. Evoking guilt produces, according to this paper, a positi ve response, whereas shame more likely leads to an avoidance reaction. A set of hypotheses relating to shame, guilt and responses to advertisements are tested on 141 university students in the UK as a sample. It was found that high-guilt advertisements evoke more favourable responses than shame-intense adverts and that whereas there was no psychological resistance to guilt-intensive communication, the sample reacted negatively to shame-messages. Burnett, M.S., Lunsford, D.A..(1994). Conceptualising Guilt in Consumer Decision Making Process. Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol 11, Issue 3 Consumers purchase based on many emotions. Guilt is one such emotion and is currently a topic of research for marketers trying to influence this process. Focus groups, composed of a varied sample population demographic, were used to construct guilt. Four types of consumer guilt: financial, health, moral, responsibility, were identified. Consumer guilt is further classified as anticipatory and r eactive, occurring in decisions to both purchase as well as not. Bagozzi, R.P., Gopinath M., Nyer, P.U. (1999). The Role of Emotions in Marketing, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science (USA), VOL 27 No 2 Emotions are different from moods and attitudes. This paper approaches the measurement of emotions by examining effect of emotions upon behaviour. Emotions also affect the cognitive processes, goal-directed behavior and volition. Twelve areas are identified for research about effect of emotions in marketing. Taylor, R.K. Marketing Strategies: Gaining a Competitive Advantage Through the Use of Emotion, Competitiveness Review, Journal of Global Competitiveness This article reviews theories of emotion and tries to aid in developing various advertising strategies. There are ways in which managers can link these strategies with the different emotional states of customers. Also, customer defense mechanisms are also considered and strategies to break them are listed. G angemi, A., Mancini, F.(2007). Guilt and Focusing in Decision Making, Journal of Behavioural Decision Making (UK), VOL 20 No 1 Based on research that found relationships between emotional state, cognition and decision-making, this paper measures the effect of fear and anger in influencing positive and negative judgments. It proposes that feelings of guilt will lead to negative hypotheses. Three experiments are conducted wherein three groups of students are required to recall anger, fear or neutral emotional events, and then decide what to do with an unexpected monetary gift. In conclusion, decision strategies are affected by the persons emotional state. Individuals in the guilt group were more focused on future guilt, and hence on relatively undesirable decision options. Coulter, Pinto, Mary Beth. (1995).Guilt Appeals in Advertising: What are Their Effects? Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 80(6). pp. 697-705. This study measures consumer responses based on emotion, attitu de, attributions of brands and purchase intention by changing the level of guilt induced. Sixty working mothers were taken as a sample set and proved that moderate guilt induced more felt guilt than extreme levels. An inverse relationship was established between level of guilt and attitudes toward attributions of brands. Lascu, D.N., University of South Carolina. (1991). Consumer Guilt: Examining the Potential of a New Marketing Construct, Advances in Consumer Research, Volume 18. Even though consumer guilt is often exploited to achieve competitive advantage by marketers, enough research has not been done to document its effect in academic terms. Guilt can be used to persuade. This paper focuses on establishing guilt in consumers and its constructs. It develops an inventory for future usage by researchers trying to study guilt and its effect on advertisement response, sales and repurchase. Scale development The aim of the paper as discussed above was to develop a scale to measure guilt. We went ahead with the conventional steps of scale development. The first step was to identify dimensions. After studying in depth the above literature, we concluded that consumer financial guilt includes the following dimensions: Personality traits Personality traits include self esteem and locus of control. They are defined as follows: Self-Esteem: High self-esteem individuals think highly of themselves, are more likely to spend more on products and services that make them feel good. However, research indicates that people who rate high in self-esteem use avoidance defense mechanisms which lead them to reject threatening communications such as guilt appeals and to be more receptive to optimistic messages. Low self-esteem individuals, on the other hand, tend to use defenses which lead them to accept threatening appeals. So guilt appeals work better on them. Locus of Control: Individuals w ith an external locus of control, believing that external forces control ones destiny, are more likely to adhere to the recommendations contained in the advertisement prescribing modalities of reducing guilt than individuals with an internal locus of control. A person with an internal locus of control does not rely on inputs from any external sources to form opinions about brand attributes. Focus of guilt: Focus of Guilt is described in terms of who is affected by the actions of the decision maker. An individualÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²s purchase decision may have adverse effects either on that individual or on others. It identifies whom the guilt is directed toward, because the focus of the guilt may affect the salience of the emotion. Some individuals may hold little concern for the consequences of their actions on others while some individuals may care deeply how their actions affect others. This focus determines their purchase decisions Utility of product: The utili ty of a product is a factor the consumer is always apprehensive about. The consumer should perceive that the value of the product is higher than the price he has paid for it i.e., the marginal utility is positive. The more the value of the product in the consumers perception, the lesser is the guilt he suffers from a better opportunity lost. The worse the product performs, the more the guilt that the consumer could have used the money resource for something more useful. Guilt Interacting with Other Negative Emotional Appeals (Shame, Fear) Emotions interact with each other. One emotion may activate, amplify, or attenuate another. As seen from the research paper, inducing shame/fear will not tilt consumers in your favor while evoking guilt might prove beneficial. After identifying dimensions, exploratory research was done and questions decided upon. We arrived at a set of 44 questions, which is mentioned under Appendix 1. Face validity The next step was testing face validity. This helps in viewing the questions from respondents point of view. This was done to eliminate misleading and confusing questions. For the Guilt measurement survey, we designed 44 items under four dimensions. The survey was shown to 20 first year MBA students who found out the items that were confusing and double barreled. They removed 2 such items. Content Validity Next, content validity was tested by checking whether the items included in the scale measure the construct of interest. Content Validity was performed by administering the survey to experts that included 7 professors of the Industrial psychology, Organizational behavior, and Marketing and Research methods. It was also administered to 18 Research students and senior students of marketing domain. The specialization of these students in marketing and organizational behavior was crucial because our scale was designed for the marketers and these students had a good idea about which question is relevant for marketers. Moreover, guilt as an emotion is easily understood by the students of Organizational Behavior as they deal with emotions of the employees. The relevance of the dimensions to the scale was analysed by them. They were given the dimensions and related definitions in Step 1 and asked to mark questions as relevant, relevant but not essential and irrelevant. They removed 15 item s that did not tap the dimensions. The questions were eliminated if 50% of the people found the question irrelevant. The method used to decide on this was Lawshes method of determining Content Validity. A content validity ratio is calculated which is given as below for each question: CVR= (n-N/2) / N/2 n- Number of experts who considered question relevant; N- Total number of experts consulted. A positive value for CVR implies that more than 50% of experts agreed to relevance of the question. The final number of questions that were considered for the survey was 27. Phase 1: Data collection The survey was administered to 140 candidates in the first phase through online survey tools. The respondents covered were from wide cross-section of age groups, locations and professions. A 5-point Likert scale was used to measure the responses more accurately. The responses of the Likert scale that were collected online were transferred to spreadsheets and the results were converted to numbers from 1 to 5 with appropriate adjustments to the reversal items (items that probed the absence of guilt). Item-Total correlation The item-total correlations of the individual items were found using correlate function of SPSS software. The 6 items that had item-total correlations less than 0.5 were dropped from the scale. The remaining 21 items had item-total correlations ranging from 0.5 to 0.72. Of these 21 items, 5 represented the category of locus of control, 5 represented focus of guilt, 6 represented utility of the product, and 5 represented Shame and Fear. Item-Item correlation The item-item correlations of the 21 items were found using bivariate correlation function of SPSS software. All the 21 items had item-item correlations of greater than 0.3 with 50% of the items. Hence all the items were taken into consideration. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) After studying the above literature review in-depth, we conducted an analysis of what constructs are included in the construct of consumer guilt. (Ref: Burnett, M.S., Lunsford, D.A..(1994). Conceptualising Guilt in Consumer Decision Making Process. Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol 11, Issue 3). Following which, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis to determine the validity of the listed constructs for consumer guilt. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed on the 21 items. The rotated component matrix of the items was obtained using SPSS which was analysed. It is as follows: Rotated Component Matrix Component 1 2 3 VAR00001 0.192226 0.195225 0.713085 VAR00004 0.788679 0.318717 0.137229 VAR00005 0.285346 0.244619 0.6489 VAR00006 0.795421 0.146635 0.314012 VAR00007 0.369396 0.741676 0.125354 VAR00009 0.373954 0.734327 0.084158 VAR00010 0.450758 0.178785 0.504564 VAR00011 0.108146 0.599961 0.340067 VAR00012 0.256011 0.455263 0.49496 VAR00013 0.404614 0.111261 0.602676 VAR00014 0.222377 0.820487 0.151313 VAR00015 0.078377 0.41711 0.631738 VAR00016 0.46313 0.389034 0.418036 VAR00017 0.686262 0.282411 0.271358 VAR00019 0.110651 0.650488 0.340389 VAR00021 0.573905 0.312914 0.367908 VAR00022 0.374771 0.271764 0.51113 VAR00023 0.475229 0.223969 0.561002 VAR00025 0.203401 0.626945 0.316887 VAR00026 0.468221 0.159089 0.552527 VAR00027 0.571195 0.253548 0.372853 Of these, 5 items that were cross-loaded on two factors were removed from consideration. The remaining 16 items were divided into three factors. The factors had 6, 6 and 4 items respectively. The items thus obtained were meaningful and useful. The correlations obtained in the test were used to refine the questionnaire and arrive at the final three constructs as given below: Factor 1 you are not affected by the ads promos, friends buying behavior, friends perceptions or brand value but you buy for the utility of the product Factor 2 youll spend for others than on yourself and youll buy the product with best utility / customer service no matter how attractive the product is Factor 3 youll buy products on others recommendation and you are proud of the expensive products you own and you compensate family members with expensive products for the time not spent with them The factors thus could be broadly categorized thus: Factor1 Locu s of control Factor 2- Focus of Guilt Factor 3- Impulse behavior Reliability The reliability was tested using Cronbachs alpha test. The Cronbachs alpha component was found to be 0.93 using SPSS which indicates that the research conducted is reliable. This high alpha level confirms the consistency of the responses from the subjects. Phase II Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) resulted in three factors and a set of 16 variables that influence the particular factor. In order to determine whether each of the factors can be fitted into the data set, we performed Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). For this, we invited responses for this set of 16 survey questions and an additional question for nomological validity. The nomological validity question was -You recently made an expensive purchase. After the purchase you saw an ad of the product. The ad claims the user to be special as he deserves the product. How important is this to you. In order to ensure that we do not get biased responses, the set of respondents in this Phase was different from that of Phase 1. We received 122 responses for this Phase. CFA was performed using AMOS. Regression weights were obtained for each of the common factors and its indicators. The AMOS text output is tabulated below: We can see that the regression weights for all the variables are greater than 0.7. Also, the factor loading of the factors with the nomological validity variable is greater than 0.4. However there were 5 questions whose Regression estimates were greater than 1. These values represent the excessive loading, thus they are treated outliers. After eliminating those variables, we are left with 11 questions that correctly represent a correct fit with the given data set. The final variables and the factors are tabulated below: Factor1 Variable 4 No amount of advertisement, promotions, peer influence can affect your buying of a particular brand Variable 16 You like to boast about the expensive products that you own Variable 21 Once you buy a product, you use it only till the brand is popular Variable 27 You will spend on expensive deodorant/body spray to avoid embarrassment when interacting with others Factor2 Variable 7 You will only buy what you need no matter how attractive a new product is Variable 9 You go out specially to buy a gift for someone else and not for yourself Variable 11 You would gift your free gift coupon to someone close without regret Variable 19 You would not mind paying a product more money than its utility for brand value Variable 25 You would tend to buy a product though it is priced higher if customer service was good Factor3 Variable 5 You go without the intention to buy but end up buying most of the products based on your others recommendation Variable 15 You enjoy others attention due to your possession of expensive products Convergent and Divergent Validity Since all loading factors that relate the variables to the dimensions are greater than 0.7 in the questions retained convergent validity is automatically established. The AVE scores for each of the factors were calculated. The values are as follows: Divergent Validity AVE Factor1 0.84 Factor2 0.82 Factor3 0.94 Thus, each factor adequately represents at least 84%, 82% and 94% of its corresponding variables. This is a test of discriminate validity and it further strengthens the reliability of our scale. Results Summary The various tests are summarized below: No of items Type of analysis Result of Analysis Items generated 44 Judgment and editing Generation of items Face validity 38 Validity by colleagues Elimination of redundant items Content Validity 27 Expert review Refining of items Validity test 21 Item to Total correlation and Item to item correlation 21 values correlated with item total correlation coefficient 0.4 and item to item correlation coefficient greater than 0.3 Reliability test 21 Cronbach analysis Cronbach alpha coefficient = 0.93 Exploratory factor analysis 16 Factor analysis 21 items are categorized under 3 factors Confirmatory factor analysis 11 CFA using AMOS Confirms that each of the items in a factor can be fitted in the data set Convergent Validity 11 Check if regression weights are greater than 0.7 Confirms the convergence of the data set Divergent Validity 11 Check the AVE score of each factors Confirms the divergence of the data set Discussion Although many research papers are available on the subject of guilt there has not been any attempt to quantify guilt as an emotion as it is complex and subjective. There are no empirical scales to measure guilt. Most of the researches conducted so far are theoretical and conceptual. This research was an attempt at developing a scale to measure consumer guilt. The scale can be used to test the various propositions that relate guilt to marketing. The results obtained in validity tests show that the scale is a reliable one. The first phase showed that scale is very consistent and stable. The high Cronbachs alpha coefficient proves that this scale is highly reliable. Phase 2 showed that content validity holds good. Further improvements The scale can be further expanded to cover more dimensions. The four dimensions that we have identified will not be sufficient to measure guilt as it is a complex emotion which involves a mixture of emotions in each one. Hence the other underlying emotions that cause consumer guilt have to be found out and added as dimensions. The sub constructs like utility of a product could be further sub classified and those also need to be identified and incorporated as dimensions. The items have to be administered to more people of different income and location to nullify the impact on the scale due to the behavior of people from particular region or income. Guilt, like other emotions is momentary high at some point and low at some other point in life. The time when the survey is conducted will unduly influence the respondents and hence the tests have to be administered at different times to check the reliability of the scale. Social desirability bias can be nullified by administering the s cale along with social desirability scales. Similarly acquiescence bias should also be nullified before finalizing the scale. Implications The absence of an empirical scale to measure guilt has been a major constraint so far in relating it with marketing. This scale will help marketers in finding the relationship between guilt and marketing. This scale will help throw light on the way emotions influence consumers buying behaviour. So, once relation has been established, marketers could look at tapping those emotions effectively to invoke purchase and repurchase. This would increase customer life time value.

The Mists of Avalon, by Marion Zimmer Bradley Essay

The Mists of Avalon, by Marion Zimmer Bradley The Mists of Avalon, by Marion Zimmer Bradley, is not only an example of a Medieval Romance, but also tells the story of the women who stood behind King Arthur during his infamous reign in the Middle Ages. The term â€Å"Medieval Romance† does not necessarily mean that the piece using it contains any sort of romance. There are three criteria that must be meet to form a Medieval Romance. (1) The plot must divide into sharply separate episodes that often do not seem joined in any obvious casual fashion. (2) The plots generally take the form of tests that they must pass to attain form goal. (3) The protagonist fails tests, which often involve acts of moral and spiritual perception, until such a point†¦show more content†¦They believe in one all-powerful god above who can take as many forms and names, as he wants. Even though the believers In Avalon thought well of the Christian, the Christians despised those from Avalon, and thought of them as evil. Viviane, a woman, is the High Priestess of Avalon. It was she, following the wishes of the Goddess, who set Arthur on the Throne. The High Priestess seats Arthur on the throne in the hope that he will protect the rites and traditions of Avalon. Old Arthurian Legends were always told from a Christian man’s perspective, the Lady of the Lake is looked on as an evil sorceress. In The Mists of Avalon, however, we see Viviane’s actions through Viviane’s eyes. This new perspective allows us to see that Viviane worked only for the good of the people and is not evil. It is in this feminine perspective that we are given more insight into Arthurian Legend. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Camelot and Avalon were alive in the time of knights, and of war and conquest. Old Arthurian Legend is full of tales about an individual knights prowess. Tales of bloody battles, and of long quests with many duels are very common. They also told of great battles with foreign invaders. Long battles full of gore and great detail. In The Mists of Avalon there are many battles against such invaders. Most notably of such battles are the Saxons. The Saxons try to take over the lands of High and Les Britain. Arthur must rally all the people of his lands to uniteShow MoreRelatedMist of Avalon by Marion Zimmer Bradley525 Words   |  2 PagesMist of Avalon breaks through many stereotypes but also strengthens some in some ways. One stereotype that was torn down was that women are not as strong as men. This is proved to be wrong when they have Morgaine fighting men and actually being victorious. This movie also breaks the stereotype that women can’t be in pow er. Most women in this movie hold very high positions. For example, Viviane is the high goddess of Avalon. Also Morgaine is her second in command. 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Ask those same people how many Arthurian movies have you seen again many have been made and most stay along the same path, save for one, The Mists of Avalon takes us on a whole new version of the story coming from the often portrayed villainess Morgaine La Faye. With Mists of AvalonRead MorePublic Transportation And Its Effects On The United States841 Words   |  4 Pagesinto his pants, pulled out his shockingly large erect penis, and begun to masturbate and giggle. She’d quickly returned her gaze to the open book on her lap—a book she always carried but seldom actually read, a tattered copy of The Mists of Avalon by Marion Zimmer-Bradley. She had gotten off at the next stop to wait on the dark street corner for the next, hopefully pervert-free bus. She had had her wa llet stolen out of her zipped purse on a crowded bus, been pressed up against more foul smelling peopleRead MoreMorgan Le Fay5287 Words   |  22 Pagesfrom the Battle of Camlan on Salisbury Plain, and returned with him to the holy Isle of Avalon to heal him, for he is the Once and Future King, destined to return from the timeless fairy island when Britain is in need of him. Marian Zimmer Bradley rescues Morgan le Fay from the Medieval sources, and tells the story from Morgan’s own point of view, as recently seen in the excellent movie, The Mists of Avalon, based on her novel. Celtic Story Morgan was a Celtic Queen. One of the definitions of

Billie Holiday Quotes

Billie Holiday, a popular and tragic figure in jazz, was a gifted singer with an amazing voice and talent whose personal life was chaotic and troubled. Selected Billie Holiday Quotations †¢ I never hurt nobody but myself and thats nobodys business but my own. †¢ Im always making a comeback but nobody ever tells me where Ive been. †¢ Youve got to have something to eat and a little love in your life before you can hold still for any damn bodys sermon on how to behave. †¢ Somebody once said we never know what is enough until we know whats more than enough. †¢ If I dont have friends, then I aint got nothin. †¢ Dont threaten me with love, baby. Lets just go walking in the rain. †¢ Love is like a faucet, it turns off and on. †¢ You can be up to your boobies in white satin, with gardenias in your hair and no sugar cane for miles, but you can still be working on a plantation. †¢ Sometimes its worse to win a fight than to lose. †¢ Singing songs like The Man I Love or Porgy is no more work than sitting down and eating Chinese roast duck, and I love roast duck. †¢ People dont understand the kind of fight it takes to record what you want to record the way you want to record it. †¢ I hate straight singing. I have to change a tune to my own way of doing it. Thats all I know. †¢ If Im going to sing like someone else, then I dont need to sing at all. †¢ You cant copy anybody and end with anything. If you copy, it means youre working without any real feeling. No two people on earth are alike, and its got to be that way in music or it isnt music. †¢ No two people on earth are alike, and its got to be that way in music or it isnt music. †¢ I never had a chance to play with dolls like other kids. I started working when I was six years old. †¢ In this country, dont forget, a habit is no damn private hell. Theres no solitary confinement outside of jail. A habit is hell for those you love. And in this country its the worst kind of hell for those who love you. †¢ All dope can do for you is kill you... the long hard way. And it can kill the people you love right along with you. About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote.

Book Classification Final Exam - 657 Words

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Teaching Young Children And Becoming A Kindergarten Teacher

Growing up, I always had aspirations of becoming a kindergarten teacher. Teaching young children and wanting to make a difference by having a positive influence on their early developmental years, were just a few reasons that a kindergarten classroom had the potential to be a life changer type of career. Teachers play an important role in fostering the intellectual and social development of children during their formative years. As I grew older and began my collegiate career, my path took a different direction. As part of my project, I had the opportunity to interview an amazing kindergarten teacher, Ms. Melton. This is her 8th year as a school teacher and she is one of the four African American lead teachers at the rural school she works at. Ms. Melton and I share a common desire to work with young children. She knew at an early age that she wanted to be a kindergarten teacher, and she is a perfect fit with her students. 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Social Norms and Country Music Essay Example For Students

Social Norms and Country Music Essay When choosing a musical genre that relates with the American culture only one thing came to mind, country and American folk. Country music has revolutionized from classical folk to American commercialized. It provides an example of everyday living for the average American and the lifestyles that we live. The reason I chose to discuss how country music has been revolutionized into the American culture is because for many, especially in the midwest it is a way of life. It is something we feel connects us with our country. Country music has been around since the 17th century. This music developed from traditional music elements from various European immigrants it has been a large reflection of the melting pot of America. It was most commonly known from the southern area of the United States. It originated in Georgia in the late 1920s and it uses multiple instruments including fiddles, guitars, banjoes and acoustic guitars. The original term of calling it â€Å"country music† came from the 1940s when people would reference this genre of music of being â€Å"hillbilly music. Country music often reflects the lives of working class Americans, in that the music brings you on a path of the many different things we as Americans have experienced. Some songs reference the work that is done on farmland, tragic events, our wars, and heartbreak. In 2009, country music was the genre most listened to during rush hour traffic during evening commute. I think it is such a large part of American culture because we are able to relate to it. In the song Have You Forgotten by Darrek Worley, he sings about 9/11. In the song it says, â€Å"Have you forgotten how it felt that day? To see your homeland under fire and her people blown away? Have you forgotten when those towers fell? We had neighbors inside going through a living hell and you say we shouldn’t worry ‘bout bin Laden. Have you forgotten? † This song is a great example of showing how us as Americans felt after the attacks on our nation. It was something to which everyone was able to relate and in some ways people were able to find comfort in a song. It celebrates Americans pastime and that’s why country music is a different kind of music. It’s untraditional, and combines a multitude of different genres. It takes a variety of sounds from rock, gospel, and pop and celebrates it all into one. Country music culture develops and shows the artist and the way their lives are lived with those that are able to relate. Country music has the tradition of being passed down from fathers, mothers, sons, daughters. It celebrates friends, families, and true family and southern values. The lyrics explain the good and bad times that we as Americans have come across and survived, the secrets to heartbreak and the common Sunday morning there is a song with which all people are able to relate. This genre is a true reposition of patriotism. It shows the spine of our country with blue-collar life that is not luxurious but together we have exactly what we need. This has revolutionized into showing how some people are willing to sweat and have determination, such as farmers working hard in the fields to provide a living and crops, or soldiers willing to sacrifice the lives of themselves to protect our own. Country western music is powerful but still tends to be simple and shows the realization of the middle class people. In the song by Lee Greenwood, â€Å"Proud to be an American,† If tomorrow all the things were gone, Id worked for all my life. And I had to start again, with just my children and my wife, Id thank my lucky stars to be living here today, Cause the flag still stands for freedom, and they can’t take that away. And I’m proud to be an American where at least I know Im free. † In this song you can distinguish the values that are being shown, it is a common set of belief amongst our people. .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543 , .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543 .postImageUrl , .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543 , .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543:hover , .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543:visited , .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543:active { border:0!important; } .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543:active , .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543 .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue63d1bcfa44a3605ba2ddce76e485543:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analysis of Prokofiev Sonata No 7 EssayCountry music will always be written for the American people, about the American people. Although it began in the south as a melting pot of many different genres it is to this day idolized as one of the largest listened genres in America. The music works and is relatable because we feel it reaches out to us individually and represents our lives. As Americans we strive to maintain a normalcy for ourselves and loved ones. Through hard times lyrics will be written that we will be able to relate to.

Customers To Take Such Statements As True â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Customers To Take Such Statements As True? Answer: Inroduation No, OFFICE PRO X9 is an amazing chair, and the best on the market was not a term of this contract. Not all statements of negotiation are deemed to be contractual terms. Some could be a traders puff which is mere boast, often meant to advertise a product and the law does not expect the customers to take such statements as true.[1] The other one is a representation. These are pre-contractual statements which could convert into a term depending on the actions of the client.[2] If a representation turns out to be untrue, and that statement changed the position of the customer, that representation would result in a term hence remedies would be awarded if the untrue statement caused harm to the client. Terms are actual statements that go to the root of the contract. Failure to comply with terms results to a breach. In distinguishing these statements, the court employs four factors. One of them is the importance of such statement to the contracting parties.[3] Where the statement acts as important to the decision of either of the parties, that statement becomes a contractual term. A case of this is the situation of Ecay v Godfrey [1947].[4] The claimant purchased a boat from the defendant. The claimant assured that the boat was fine though he recommended an examination. Later the review discovered that the boat had some faults. The court ruled that the defendant statement was a representation and the claimant was supposed to rely on examinations. The next distinguishing factor is the time duration between the pre-contractual statement and the contract. Long interval means the statement was representation while short interval means the statement was a term. A case if this scenario is Routledge v Mckay.[5] On 23rd October, the defendant told the claimant that the bike was a 1942 model when it was a 1942 model. They signed an agreement on 30th which didnt refer the motorbike date. The court ruled that the 1942 model statement was a pre-contractual statement, but not a term. The of the parole evidence rule. In this rule, parties cannot alter a written contract with oral statements.[6] So where there is a documentation of an oral statement, that statement becomes a contractual term. The last one is the parties expertise. When one party that has specialist skills makes the statement, and the other party relies on that statement, then the court is more likely to take that as a contractual term.[7] Following these explanations, OFFICE PRO X9 is an amazing chair and/or the best on the market fits to be a sales puff or a traders exaggerated opinion. Question 2: Yes, it was a term that the OFFICE PRO X9 provides sufficient lower-back support to allow Peter to work the whole day comfortably. As explained in question one, anything said by the contracting party which has special knowledge is probably a term.[8] The main reason is that the customer will be using that partys statement to decide on whether to buy the item or to leave it. Notably, this statement can happen in two ways. One is a direct statement from the dealer. The other one is a response to the question asked by the customer with the intention of seeking clarification or making the dealer understand what the customer wants. This facts in this case are similar to the case of Dick Bentley Productions v. Harold Smith Motors [1965][9]. In this case, a customer (Claimant) asked the dealer (Defendant) to bring a 'stable Bentley car'. The dealer brought a car claiming that it had done low mileage since the replacement of the engine and gearbox. However, this turned out to be untrue. The court found that the statement of the mileage was a term. The fact is when the customer asks the dealer to provide something with particular features, it then shows that the customer is relying on the dealers expertise. That is why the statement provides sufficient lower-back support to allow Peter to work the whole day comfortably would also be a term. In an analysis, the OFFICE PRO X9 provides sufficient lower-back support to allow Peter to work the whole day comfortably is an express term, and in the category of pre-contractual statement. Contractual terms are fundamentally the wordings that form the provision parts of the contract. Each contractual term brings about to a contractual obligation which failure to fulfil results to a breach. In most cases, contracts may not state all the terms expressly. The main reason is that some terms do not hold much legal gravity since they are outside the main objectives of a contract. There are two essential classifications of contractual terms. These are implied and express terms.[10] Implied terms are those that none of the parties mention them either orally or in writing, but the law deems it that such terms exist to give a commercial contract a sense.[11] The main classifications in implied terms are those implied by the court or those implied by statute. Express terms are those terms which the parties agree to follow either orally or in writing. These terms may be pre-contractual statements.[12] These are statements that fall into different categories depending on their effects on the outcome of the contract. Another type of express term is the terms on display.[13] An example of these is instruction in a ticket produced by a ticket machine. Also, express terms can be incorporated terms resulting from a course of dealing. Express terms may also arise from a signed document, and lastly, express terms may result from the application of the parol evidence rule o r where there is admissibility of extrinsic evidence.[14] With all these facts, it is then possible to see that the the OFFICE PRO X9 provides sufficient lower-back support to allow Peter to work the whole day comfortably would be classified as express term, and it would fall in the group of pre-contractual statements. No, the exclusion clause, clause 10, will not prevent Peter from suing Forever Furniture for breach of contract. Exclusion clauses are one way in which contracting parties try to avoid the liabilities of the breach of a contract. Most companies unfairly enjoyed the power of this clause until 1977 when there was an enactment of Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977.[15] This act was meant to regulate the extent to which parties to a contract can rely on the exclusion clauses. In UCTA, the act provides that a party relying on the exclusion clause has the burden of demonstrating that the clause was in facts reasonable.[16] For one, the party relying on the clause must demonstrate that the clause is fair, and it is reasonable. Secondly, the party relying on the clause must take into account all the circumstances of that clause and such circumstances should come to the knowledge of the other party.[17] The failure to meet these conditions would render the clause invalid. Thirdly, the clause should include the losses that the other party would be claiming. Failure to include them would render the clause invalid. An example of the application of this law was in St Albans City and DC v International Computers Ltd [1996][18]. In this case, in this case, the defendant was to supply computer software to the defendant through their contract. The software was erroneous, and it caused a loss of 1.3 million to the claimant. The defendant company relied on a limitation clause that limited the liability to 100,000. However, the court found the limitation clause unreasonable. Similarly, the limitation clause for Forever Furniture for would not succeed as it would be unfair to waive the liabilities caused by their misrepresentation. References Hunter, Richard J., "Compensation For Bystander Injuries In Strict Products Liability" (2016) 3(10) Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal https://10.14738/assrj.310.2239. "Contractual Interpretation In Indian Evidence Act Jurisdictions: Compatibility With Modern Contextual Approach?" (2013) 13(1) Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal https://dx.doi.org/10.5235/14729342.13.1.17 Castles, Margaret, "Expanding Justice Access In Australia" (2016) 41(2) Alternative Law Journal https://10.1177/1037969X1604100210 P Hough, Tracey and Kathrin Ku?hnel-Fitchen, Optimize Contract Law (Taylor Francis, 2016) Poole, Jill, Casebook On Contract Law (Oxford University Press, 12th ed, 2014) Stone, Richard, Text, Cases And Materials On Contract Law (Routledge, 2nd ed, 2014) Austen-Baker, Richard, Implied Terms In English Contract Law (Edward Elgar Pub., 2nd ed, 2017) Klass, Gregory, Contract Law In The USA (Kluwer Law International, 2nd ed, 2010) Lawson, R. G, Exclusion Clauses And Unfair Contract Terms (Sweet Maxwell, 10th ed, 2011) Routledge v Mckay [1954] 1 WLR 615 Court of Appeal Ecay v Godfrey [1947] 80 Lloyds Rep 286 Dick Bentley Productions v. Harold Smith Motors [1965] 1 WLR 623 St Albans City and DC v International Computers Ltd [1996] EWCA Civ 1296 [1] Richard J. Hunter, "Compensation For Bystander Injuries In Strict Products Liability" (2016) 3(10) Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal https://10.14738/assrj.310.2239.. [2] Tracey Hough and Kathrin Ku?hnel-Fitchen, Optimize Contract Law (Taylor Francis, 2016). [3] Jill Poole, Casebook On Contract Law (Oxford University Press, 12th ed, 2014). [4] Ecay v Godfrey [1947] 80 Lloyds Rep 286 [5] 1 WLR 615 Court of Appeal

School for Students with Autism free essay sample

In the process of completing a degree in elementary education, I have enrolled in a class specifically designed to increase my understanding of students with different disabilities and the resources that are available to help them function and succeed in the classroom. While taking A Child with Special Needs course I received an assignment requiring myself to volunteer at an organization that works with children, adults, or both with special needs for fifteen hours over a course of no less than two weeks. Also, I am writing this paper because I am pursuing a career in elementary education, which may require me to have to the proper knowledge and skills for working with students with special needs. Burger School for Students with Autism is a center-based and restrictive school in Wayne County where the age of the students can range from three years to twenty-six years old. At Burger East, the location I spent my fifteen hours volunteering at, students are seventeen and older. We will write a custom essay sample on School for Students with Autism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Eligibility for Burger School is done through a referral process starting at the student’s resident district Special Education department. The student referral process includes a review of less restrictive options that have been considered or have not met the student’s needs, student profiles, parent questionnaires, as well as resident district IEP assessment and documentation. Once a person has become a student at Burger School for Students with Autism, the faculty is committed to maximizing the potential of each student to gain independence and self-fulfillment while assuring the opportunity for each student to become a happy, healthy, productive, and contributing member of society. http://www. gardencityschools. com/BurgerSchool. cfm, April 17th, 2012. ) Based on the individual students needs there is a nurse, social worker, behavior specialist, psychologist, speech and occupational therapists on hand as well as all staff having the correct training in non violent crisis intervention. All students attending Burger are exposed to a general education curriculum where they are expected to meet state standards and benchmarks. Communication Before and during volunteering at Burger School for Students with Autism I set goals to learn more about the differences students with Autism and Emotionally Impaired students have in communication. I hoped to learn the structure of the classroom, the forms of communication used, and the type of curriculum they were exposed to. I found that most students with Autism have more difficulty following directions and expressing their wants and needs due to their communication deficits than most Emotionally Impaired students. For example, during the time spent working with a student named Rachel with severe Autism I never once heard her speak a word. My first impression of Rachel was that she seemed to be stuck in her own body unable to communicate but definitely was aware of what was going on around her. Emotionally Impaired students had a more general form of communication in the classroom and were able to communicate most if not all of their needs throughout the time I was there. Although Emotionally Impaired students were better able to communicate, when they became upset or things did not go their way, all forms of communication could be thrown out the window. A perfect example of this behavior was by a student named Michael who lost the privilege of being able to use headphones during class time to listen to music. He continued to kick the leg of the table, bite his own hand, hit himself on the head, and yell throughout the rest of period as well as refusing to use any general forms of communication to try to get the privilege of using the headphones back. Gross/Fine Motor Skills While working with students during my volunteer hours, I also noticed differences in the fine motor skills of those with Autism and Emotionally Impaired students. In general students with Autism have struggles with fine motor skills compared to students with Emotional Impairments. Each student was given a strip of paper cut from a colorful fish cartoon to blend into his or her own fish drawn on white paper. Students with Autism were given oil pastels; which are easier to use in blending the correct colors of their fish project. Also, the students with weak fine motor skills were able to hold the oil pastels more comfortably while having better control of the technique of blending. Emotionally Impaired students were given acrylic paint while blending the colorful strip of paper into their own fish. They were able to use a paintbrush while still controlling the color they were using and where it should go. Emotionally Impaired students seemed to better understand which colors to use in order to create new ones and were much more concerned about how well the colors lining up with the strip matched. Overall I thoroughly enjoyed my fifteen hours spent volunteering at Burger School for Students with Autism. I have a completely better understanding and appreciation for those with disabilities and the staff that works with students with disabilities. I have even considered applying for a position working at Burger School for Students with Autism as a substitute teacher’s assistant and have begun to look into minoring in Special Education in order to assist those with disabilities in my future career.

Use Essay Titles Samples

Use Essay Titles SamplesWhen you are writing an essay on a particular topic, the best thing to do is to use sample essay titles. After all, what is better than to have an outline of words to describe the entire essay topic? The first thing that you should do is to get a bunch of essay samples and work out a way to use them in your own essay.If you want to create a sample essay quickly, then you can find a number of sample essay topics online. Simply go to any search engine, such as Google or Yahoo, and type in your keyword phrase. You will then be given a long list of related topics. The next step is to choose one of the essays and then examine it carefully.One of the first things that you should look for when you do this is that the topic is clearly explained and has no obvious flaws. You should also look at the author's name, which is usually a letter, and if the author is an established writer.The two most well-known authors for essay topics are Herman Melville and F. Scott Fitzge rald. This is a great way to find samples that you can use and will provide you with a wealth of information to draw from.When you are selecting essay titles, it is important to make sure that they are direct and to the point. Another thing that you should look for is that they are original, as people often make them up or plagiarize them.There are a few tips that you can follow when looking for examples. For example, you will find that it is quite easy to find essays online that are in foreign languages. A great tip is to look for books that deal with an international theme.You should also look for English translations. Many of the popular books of the day are all in English; however, many of them are in other languages.A lot of these are part of study strategies or are written by foreign students. It would also be helpful to read some of the topics online as a starting point.

Essay on The company is Walmart Stores, Inc.Essay Writing Service

Essay on The company is Walmart Stores, Inc.Essay Writing Service Essay on The company is Walmart Stores, Inc. Essay on The company is Walmart Stores, Inc.It is important for any organization to have a code of ethics in order to guide employees how to behave in ambiguous situations and to share the principles of ethical behavior accepted in the organization. The purpose of this paper is to select a company, to identify whether this company uses a code of conduct, to analyze this code if it exists and to draft a code of ethics if the company does not have one.The chosen company is Walmart Stores, Inc. This is a multinational retailer operating in 27 countries and running chains of discount stores and warehouse stores. Walmart pays significant attention to ethics: the company has a Global Ethics Office which is responsible for encouraging ethical decision-making and resolving ethics concerns (Walmart, 2014).Walmart has a separate document named The Statement of Ethics. This document is meant to share attitudes and values that create an ethical workplace and expected standards of ethical conduc t. The document also helps recognize ethically questionable situations and prompts how to act in such situations. The document includes letter on ethics from Walmart CEO, guiding principles, employee responsibilities, approaches to reporting ethical violations, principles of leading with integrity inside and outside the company, community ethical principles and relevant contact information.With regard to code content organizing principles outlined by Berenbeim (1999), Walmarts code of ethics pays moderate attention to the role of business, does not pay much attention to company autonomy aspect and focuses strongly on three next principles global business practice, ethical decision-making procedures and ethical decision-making environment.Walmarts code of ethics satisfies the stylistic requirements to such documents (Berenbeim, 1999): it is easy to read, has sufficient detail (but not excessive detail), is graphically appealing, is relevant for the industry and market and is firmly grounded on Walmarts key values. Similarly to other codes of ethics, Walmarts code addresses such questions as security of proprietary information, environmental responsibility, employee privacy, substance abuse, employee privacy, etc.It is notable that Walmarts code of ethics largely addresses potential internal ethical issues such as conflicts of interests and potential community ethical issues such as safety, environment, international trade, public relationships, etc. In general, Walmarts code of ethics has all the necessary elements described by Berenbeim (1999) and can be viewed as an example of an efficient code of ethics.